By Jennifer Chang    Photo：CANVA

In the freight forwarding industry of international logistics, inquiries are key to ensuring smooth operations. International air transport imposes strict requirements on The specific name of the goods , weight, dimension, and packaging. These factors significantly impact transportation feasibility and cost. Therefore, detailed inquiries enable freight forwarders to accurately assess and provide precise quotations. By minimizing communication errors between customers and freight forwarder, time is saved and efficiency is increased.

What information does a freight forwarder need to know about air cargo before providing a quote?

1.Commodity: The specific name of the goods being shipped. This will determine if the cargo is classified as general or special cargo, which can impact transportation requirements and costs.

2.Quantity, Weight, and Dimensions: The number of pieces, total weight, and dimensions of the shipment. These details are used to calculate freight charges and determine if the cargo is classified as heavy weight    or volumetric weight.

3.Type of Packaging: The packaging materials and methods used, such as cartons, wooden crates, or pallets. Different packaging types affect the safety and cost of transportation.

4.Origin and Destination: The exact shipping and receiving locations. Clear and complete addresses are essential for proper routing and to avoid errors.

5.Incoterms: The internationally recognized trade terms that define the responsibilities and costs between the buyer and seller in an international transaction. Incoterms influence transportation costs and the scope of the freight forwarder's services.

6.Required Delivery Date: The desired arrival date at the destination. This information allows the freight forwarder to efficiently plan and coordinate the entire transportation process, including selecting the most suitable flight options to find the most cost-effective solution.

The Importance of Cargo  Description

The cargo description provided by the shipper is instrumental in allowing freight forwarders to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the goods' characteristics. This classification aids in determining whether the shipment is categorized as general cargo or hazardous material. Cargo types such as liquids, gases, powders, or those exceeding dimensional limits often necessitate unique handling requirements and specialized transportation equipment. Accurate commodity information empowers freight forwarders to assess the specific needs of the shipment and devise an appropriate transportation plan. This ensures the safety and efficiency of the transportation process while minimizing unnecessary risks and additional costs.

Heavy Cargo vs. Volumetric Cargo

In air freight, shipping costs are typically calculated based on the greater of the actual weight and volumetric weight of the cargo. Heavy cargo is priced based on its actual weight, while volumetric cargo is priced based on its volume.

Definition of Heavy Cargo

Heavy cargo refers to goods that have a high density relative to their volume. In other words, for a given volume, heavy cargo weighs significantly more than general cargo. The shipping cost is calculated based on the actual weight, as its higher density occupies less cargo space. Examples include metal products, machinery, and equipment.

Definition of Volumetric Cargo

Volumetric cargo, also known as bulky cargo, refers to goods that have a large volume but relatively low weight. The volumetric weight of such cargo is greater than its actual weight. The shipping cost is calculated based on the volumetric weight, as it occupies more cargo space. The formula for calculating volumetric weight is typically: Volume (cubic meters) × 167 = Volumetric weight (kilograms). Examples include foam products, household goods, and other lightweight, bulky items.

Three Common Types of Air Freight Packaging

The choice of packaging for air freight significantly impacts the safety, cost, and efficiency of the shipping process.  

Advantages of cardboard boxes: Lightweight, easy to handle, suitable for most ordinary goods, and relatively low-cost, making them ideal for lighter and non-fragile items.

Disadvantages: For heavier goods or items requiring special protection, cardboard boxes offer limited protection.

Advantages of wooden crates: Sturdy and durable, providing better protection, suitable for heavy or fragile goods with strong protection, capable of withstanding greater pressure and impact, and ideal for long-distance transportation.

Disadvantages: Wooden packaging must meet international standards (such as ISPM 15) to prevent the spread of harmful organisms, which may require fumigation treatment.

Advantages of pallets: Used for neatly stacking goods, facilitating loading and unloading. They can enhance loading and unloading efficiency, offer good stability, and are suitable for large quantities or heavy items.

Disadvantages: Pallets take up considerable space, which may affect the overall volume weight of the cargo, potentially impacting freight costs. Depending on the nature of the goods, some airlines may require the cargo to be secured on pallets to ensure transport safety.

As a freight forwarder, above information about your goods are required before we can provide an air freight quotation. Feel free to contact our professional international logistics team at TGL to assist you to export your good anywhere in the world.

Appreciate if you could share TGL Blog among your friends who are interested in first-hand market information of supply chain and updated economic incidents.