By Tony Li    Photo：CANVA

A refrigerated shipping container (Reefer Container) is a container equipped with cooling systems, used in global cold chain transportation to maintain cargo at specific low temperatures (refrigerated or frozen) or constant temperatures during transport from one location to another. It plays a crucial role, especially in long-distance international trade and shipping.

Applications of Refrigerated Containers:

Common Specifications of Refrigerated Containers:

Operation Principle of Refrigerated Containers:

1. Active Cooling: The reefer container is equipped with a compressor, condenser, evaporator, and other equipment. It requires an external power source (from the ship, dock, or container truck generator).
2. Thermostats and Recorders: Accurate setting and tracking of cargo temperature to ensure an uninterrupted cold chain.
3. Air Circulation: Cold air is blown out from the floor vent and returned through the top vent to maintain uniform temperature.

Practical Operations and Considerations:

• Pre-cooling: Cargo should be pre-cooled to the required temperature. The container itself is not a freezer.
• Loading Method: Cargo must be arranged in a way that ensures airflow is not obstructed.
• Power Requirements: Requires 380-460V three-phase power, typically supplied by the ship or onshore power sources.
• Customs and Documentation: Quarantine, Certificate of Origin, and Cold Chain Certificates are required for both the exporting and importing countries.

Loading and Cold Chain Management Recommendations:

• Cargo should be stacked neatly in layers to avoid crushing and blocking airflow.
• Use pallets to improve airflow and unloading efficiency.
• Install temperature recorders (e.g., Thermo King / Data Logger).
• Ensure a continuous cold chain transport (refrigerated trucks → reefer containers → cold storage warehouses).
• The capacity of the reefer container should be filled to around 70-80%, avoiding overfilling or blocking air vents, as this will hinder cooling efficiency.
• After moving the reefer container, it should be left to rest for at least 2 hours before connecting to power to avoid compressor oil loss and maintain cooling stability.

Reference for Related Shipping Costs of Refrigerated Containers:

• Freight Charge: Shipping companies charge based on the shipping route, container size, and season.
• Reefer Surcharge: Typically 2-4 times higher due to the need for power supply and temperature control systems.
• Power Charge: Port or yard electricity fees, billed daily.
• THC (Terminal Handling Charge): Port handling fees for container lifting.
• Port Construction Fees: Charges for port infrastructure.
• Storage/Demurrage Fees: Fees for container storage or delay in return.
• Electricity Fees: Fees for electricity supply in port areas.
• Cleaning Fees: Charges for container cleaning.
• Genset Rental (Generator Set): Rental fees for a generator used in refrigerated trucks or land transport requiring cold chain power.
• Container Deposit: Some shipping companies or freight forwarders require a deposit for reefer containers to guarantee their return and avoid damage.
• Cold Chain Monitoring Fees: Fees for equipment like Data Loggers to monitor temperature and location throughout transport.

Confirmation for Accurate Quotation:
To get an accurate quote, you need to provide the following details:

• Port of origin and destination port
• Container type (20ft or 40ft)
• Urgency of the order (Spot or Contract)
• Specific timing and transport requirements (e.g., need for cold chain management)

It is recommended to contact a freight forwarder for a detailed quote, as they can offer shipping company rates, consolidation plans, and detailed quotations.

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